23:1-9. Laws as to Man.

E³  r  t  1,2. Falsehood.
        u  3. Cause of poor man.
         s  4,5. Enemy. Assistance.
    r   u  6. Cause of poor man.
       t  7,8. Falsehood.
         s  9. Stranger. Opposition.

1491 B.C.

Exodus 23)

1 You shall not raise (= utter, or take up. See 20:7) a false report: put not your hand with the wicked to be an unrighteous witness.
2 You shall not follow a multitude to do evil (here = injury); neither shall you testify in a cause to decline (= "turn away and follow") after many to turn away judgment:

3 Neither shall you countenance (= prefer or favor) a poor man in his cause.

4 If you meet your enemy's ox or his ass (put for any kind of beast of burden) going astray, you shall surely bring it back to him again.
5 If you see the ass of him that hates you lying under his burden, and would forbear to help him (Heb. Homonym, 'azab two words: 1. = to leave, or forsake. 2. = to help, or restore, hence strengthen, or fortify. #1 in Gen.2:24; 39:6. Neh.5:10. Ps.49:10. Mal.4:1. But here it should be #2, as in Neh. 3:8. Deut. 32:56. 1 Kings 14:10. 2 Kings 14:26. Jer. 49:25), you shall surely help him (to unload).

6 You shall not turn away the judgment of your poor in his cause.

7 Keep you far from a false matter; and the innocent and righteous slay you not: for I will not justify the wicked. (= a wicked one.)
8 And you shall take no gift: for the gift blinds the wise (= the most clear-sighted), and perverts the words of the righteous. (causes these acts or sins)

9 Also you shall not oppress a stranger: for you all know the heart of a stranger, seeing you all were strangers in the land of Egypt.

10-19-. God: Laws of His Worship.

D4  v  10-12. Time. Six and seven of years and days.
     w  13. False Worship (Positive and Negative).
    v  14-17. Time. Three feasts in year.
     w  18-19-. True Worship (Negative and Positive).

10 And six years you shall sow your land, and shall gather in the fruits thereof:
11 But the seventh year you shall let it rest and lie still; that the poor of thy people may eat: and what they leave the beasts of the field shall eat. In like manner you shalt deal with your vineyard, and with your olive-yard.
12 Six days you shall do your work, and on the seventh day you shall rest: that your ox and your ass may rest, and the son of your handmaid, and the stranger, may be refreshed. (Heb. verbal form of nephesh = soul = quickened, have new life put in, renewed, or revived.)

13 And in all things that I have said to you be circumspect (= take heed): and make no mention of the name of other gods, neither let it be heard out of your mouth. (A command often disobeyed, especially in the house of Saul. Cp. "Baal", 1 Chron. 8:33; 9:39; 12:5; 14:7; 27:28. Hence the importance of the prophecy as to the future in Hos.2:16,17.)

14 Three times you shall keep a feast to Me in the year. (#3 = Divine perfection.)
15 You shall keep the feast of unleavened bread: {you shall eat unleavened bread seven days, as I commanded you, in the time appointed of the month April; for in it you came out from Egypt: and none shall appear before Me empty-handed:} (See 34:20.)
16 And the feast of harvest, the first-fruits of your labors, which you have sown in the field: and the feast of in-gathering, which is in the end of the year, when you hast gathered in thy labors out of the field.
17 Three times in the year all your males shall appear before (Heb.= "before the face of") The Lord God (= Adonai Yehovah).

18 You shall not offer the blood of my sacrifice (Heb.= "slay and pour out the blood of My festal sacrifice") with leavened bread; neither shall the fat of My festal sacrifice remain until the morning.
19 The first of the first-fruits of your land you shall bring into the house of the Lord your God.

You shall not seethe a kid in his mother's milk. (i.e in the milk of its dam. Repeated, 34:36 and Deut. 14:21. For similar consideration cp. Deut. 22:6. Lev. 22:28.)

20-33. God: Worship (Canaanites and Commands).

D5  x¹  20. Promise: I will.
     y¹  21,22. Command: You shall.
    x²  23. Promise: I will.
     y²  24,25-. Command: You shall not.
    x³  -25-31. Promise: I will.
     y³  32,33. Command: You shall.
20 Behold, I send an angel before you (It is God speaking, therefore, who can it be but Micha-el? Cp. Dan. 10:13,21; 12:1. Jude 9; and see Mal. 3:1; Isa. 63:9), to keep you in the way, and to bring you into the place which I have prepared.

21 Beware of him, and obey his voice, provoke him not; for he will not pardon your transgressions (= rebellion): for My name is in him. (Cp. Jer. 23:26. Col. 2:9)
22 But if you shall indeed obey his voice, and do all that I speak; then I will be an enemy to your enemies, and an adversary to your adversaries.

23 For My angel (Michael) shall go before you, and bring you in unto the Amorites, and the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites: and I will cut them (= the 6 nations) off.

24 You shall not bow down to their gods, nor serve them, nor do after their works: but you shall utterly overthrow them, and quite break down their images. (= sacred statue or pillars. See 24:4; 26:1; 34:13.)
25 And you all shall serve the Lord your God, and He shall bless your bread, and your water (put for all kinds of food and drink);

and I will take sickness away from the midst of thee.
26 There shall nothing cast (= miscarry) their young, nor be barren, in your land: the number of your days I will fulfill.
27 I will send My fear (= "a terror of Me") before you, and will destroy all the people to whom you shalt come, and I will make all your enemies turn their backs to you.
28 And I will send hornets before you (cp. Deut. 7:20. Josh. 24:12), which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before you.
29 I will not drive them out from before you in one year; lest the land become desolate, and the beast of the field multiply against you.
30 By little and little I will drive them out from before you, until you be increased, and inherit the land.
31 And I will set your bounds from the Red sea even to the sea of the Philistines (= the Mediterranean), and from the desert (of Shur) to the Euphrates river: for I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into your hand; and you shall drive them out before you.

32 You shall make no covenant with them, nor with their gods.
33 They shall not dwell in your land, lest they make you sin against me: for if you serve their gods, it will surely be a snare to you."

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